Species of turtles
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Chelidae
The Chelidae are one of three living families of the turtle suborder Pleurodira and are commonly called the Austro-South American side-neck turtles. The family is distributed in Australia, New Guinea, parts of Indonesia, and throughout most of South America. It is a large family of turtles with a significant fossil history dating back to the Cretaceous. The family is entirely Gondwanan in origin, with no members found outside of Gondwana, either in the present day or as a fossil.
Description
Like all pleurodirous turtles, the chelids withdraw their necks sideways into their shells, differing from cryptodires that fold their necks in the vertical plane. They are all highly aquatic species with webbed feet and the capacity to stay submerged for long periods of time. The snake-necked species (genera Chelus, Chelodina, and Hydromedusa) are largely strike-and-gape hunters or foragers feeding on fish, invertebrates, and gastropods. The short-necked forms are largely herbivorous or molluscivorous, but are also opportunistic, with several species having specialized to eating fruits.
The highly aquatic nature of the group is typified by the presence of cloacal breathing in some species of the genera Elseya and Rheodytes. However, some species, such as the eastern long-neck turtle (Chelodina longicollis) from Australia spend significant periods of time on land and are considered highly terrestrial.
The smaller members of the family include the Macleay river turtle (Emydura macquarii) at around 16 cm, twist-necked turtle (Platemys platycephala) at 18 cm and the western swamp turtle (Pseudemydura umbrina) at 15 cm, whereas the larger species such as the mata mata (Chelus fimbriata) and the white-throated snapping turtle (Elseya albagula) both exceed 45 cm in shell length.
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Family CHELIDAE Gray, 1831
Subfamily Chelodininae Baur 1893 |
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Genus Chelodina Fitzinger 1826 – Australian snake-necked turtles
Genus Elseya Gray 1867 – Australian snapping turtles
Genus Emydura Bonaparte 1836 – Australian short-necked turtles
Genus Elusor, Cann & Legler, 1994 – Mary River turtle
Genus Flaviemys Le et al., 2013 yellow-faced saw-shelled turtles
Genus Myuchelys Thomson & Georges 2009 – Australian saw-shelled turtles
Genus Rheodytes Legler and Cann, 1980 – Fitzroy River Turtles